Defeating the Mongols
I continue in my line of approach to the people "beasts" without trying to compete with Wikipedia or steal information, my enthusiasm comes from the history books in the secondary is taking good care of us read, and almost completely ignore what has gone beyond the borders of Argentina. This desire comes naturally dilettante my frustrations many, as some recent doctorate in psychology has shown me with deep and excruciating analysis.
The Mongols were originally a nomadic people who cared for his sheep without disturbing your neighbors, apparently did not have any talent or exceptional resource as not being the best riders the world has ever known. Culturally they are not worthy or clean the toilets of the most backward people in any corner of Tasmania or one of the Fiji Islands.
Invincible, these riders, based on their outstanding technical archery and horseback riding, are rapidly becoming, from the bleak steppes of Mongolia today, in an empire of 33 million square kilometers subjecting about 100 million people. His legacy, like all people without culture itself is invalid, however, even though the war was not served but to watch over their flocks and hunt the poor animals Tartar Steppe, not lacking in all wisdom, and intelligence and dull-as-good people of a ruse simply great. Are in fact the precursors of psychological warfare.
Maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan
Genghis Khan (Mongolian emperor proclaimed in 1206) but is a figure extremely remarkable and admirable leader apart from being one of the best strategists of history (there are about a film adaptation that starred Omar Sharif idealizes the role of Genghis Khan). Virtually
were invincible, or the radio while holding his travels within Asia. It is also noted the surprise effect because no Asian nation such was the case with the Chinese, hoping that the Mongol-Tatars, or initiate the expansion of its domain extensions however incredible cover almost empty, a condition that contributed to their military success as one of the secrets of military art lay precisely in Mongolian maneuvering in large spaces, and so were bloodily repulsed by the warriors of Chipanga (the Japanese) during his second attempt to invade.
The harsh climatic conditions forged men and women of genius, while benevolent climates seem to contribute to the softness of the intellect. The Tatars of the steppe people had been trained to hunting, shooting formed circles surrounding the dam and keeping safe distance So no animal was fierce enough to worry them, their horses durable with lightweight equipment, the aim exceptional and disciplined, were allowed to pursue their prey tens of kilometers per day. Basic military unit was the rider archer equipped with three arches, when the situation required it, the warrior dismounted and used to kill his horse, while fighting on horseback used the small arc and the rate of fire will be accommodated to the rhythm of the gallop, each Mongolian archer outside mounted or carried with him a 60-iron-tipped arrows.
In his book The Million Marco Polo recounts one of the secrets the protracted campaigns of the Tartars: the horsemen of the steppes were their main sustenance for their cattle and their nomadic life, which were not subject to agriculture in physique invigorated by scarcity, food is frugal and content with them enough milk produced by their livestock, hence a simple but ingenious invention (same lot) which is the powdered milk, diluted with water enough for them and had a dose for a day, in very extreme cases practiced Spotting their horses and licking their blood.
Genghis Khan, first emperor of the Mongols
The military preferred the open field, but Genghis Khan had understood the importance of siege machinery when taking stock with fenders, so that a wagon train carrying the materials needed to assemble on-site facilities needed in These and other aspects of its logistics had learned from the ancient Romans. The Mongolian horseman always carried with him five or six horses to spare, so you never rode a tired horse, that way the progress of the Mongol forces was surprisingly swift: they could go every day about the 8th or 100 miles, something unthinkable for others armies of the time hampered by the weight of his body armor and those of their mounts. The enemy infantry was therefore completely useless, both because he was unable to reach the proficient riders and act at the distance of their spears, both because a rain of arrows tormented her in the attempt, if the pursuing cavalry, archer Mongol shot spinning on his chair, and other detachments in the rear of archers waiting to reduce them. One of the Mongol military tactics perfected bringing it to its highest level was that of the false recall, but highly effective tactic riesgosísima: the enemy arrived exhausted and unsuspecting entrusted to the persecuted, here the rear units went into action as pursued units performed a sudden revolution, arrived in this instance the enemy was massacred with arrows or spears riders.
errant Empire of Genghis Khan had conquered Cathay (China) the world-famous jumping wall at those points where there was over 90 inches high, and the Chinese were trapped by its own defenses. Genghis Khan, interested in the lifestyle studied Chinese culture taking over the knowledge that he believed would benefit his people and empire in the future, so did he and his successors in every country they conquered. Easily traversed swamps and jungles and took the towns in northern India. Then, in the century XIII moved to Persia to reverse the route of Alexander the Great. In the region of Mesopotamia, the Tigris and Euphrates, destroyed in 1258 the Caliphate of Baghdad occupying the iconic city, and put the Turkish Empire to the brink of defeat, but the Turks, thanks to its rugged geography, succeeded in diverting the advanced Mongolian mountain through guerrilla-style battle in which the Mongols were never competent despite knowing the vital strategic importance of the uplands.
Under the invasion of the Mongolian people, the Crusades to the Middle East stopped and there was a period of false peace between Christians and Muslims threatened by a terrible danger in common, as was well that if the Muslim world did not take the counterattack after two centuries of expeditions and invasions, the Crusades, Christian was because they were too busy defending their territories in Syria, Egypt, Turkey, Palestine, etc., and the Christian kingdoms in turn were too frightened by the news of the Tartar horde was ongoing Transoxiana invader by carrying up the Danube alarming none other than the Holy Roman Empire. Russian principalities in the region of Kiev blamed the attack of the Tatars and forgetting their struggles provided an effective resistance to the hordes, but eventually succumbed to their occupation. Only the region Novgorod remained safe from the ambitions of empire.
One weakness.
The Mongols, perhaps due to the continentality of their origin, were not attracted by the naval deployment in China, having available a fleet is not interested in improving their skills and water, that saved the country from islands near the Empire (across Asia), fear of a possible raid, and while Genghis Khan to maximize the psychological tactic to free the survivors of the killings to spread the unstoppable power of their armies, militias were waiting Japanese on the warpath and ready to repel them. The divine wind they named the suicide attack, the kamikaze , ended with the entire Mongol fleet set sail from China, but a second fleet moored off the west coast Japanese. The Japanese infantry stationed on the cliffs unloaded a hail of arrows against the army desembracaba to embarrassment of Japanese archery (also excellent), the arrows that are not fixed on the enemy's head killing him instantly not affected, the enemy is the started of the leather armor if you broaden your wound or increase bleeding. The first attack was so successful coastal Mongolian.
soon understood why the Japanese of the virtual invulnerability of armor: armor under the leather wore silk shirts, to the back of the grid iron, partial and full armor deflected the tip of the arrow by simply sliding, and wrap the tip in place to retain it, the Tartar warrior's enough to pull his shirt to come off without suffering the projectile bleeding but removing the obstacle of her.
The Japanese army, for the next battle it supplied coastal silk shirts, the archers on both sides were so evenly matched, and the Japanese warriors, the Mongol troops cornered against the shore, and they can not maneuver as they usual, panicked suffering heavy casualties and returned to their ships leaving the project to take over Japan. Java happened the same.
Kublai Khan, the last great Mughal emperor, grandson of Genghis
The Mongol empire was, at the height of its peak under Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis, destined to disappear the speed with which it emerged.
For starters, their means of struggle were outdated. In 1294, the year of the death of Kublai, and acclimated in every region they conquered, the success of their campaigns filled with greed and personal ambition to the unworthy successors of Kublai, or local rulers started their internal struggles for power, the discovery of gunpowder weapons, they did not learn to master rocket except for artifacts (vague, unpredictable, dangerous for the same artillery) had become obsolete infantry heavy cavalry and not to mention all armor. Then the Mongols knew to take an area with poor defenses and low-rise: in front of the imposing walls of castles and lacking Polish guns were exposed to artillery fire from enemy bastions and battlements, to troop organization scores established by Genghis and his extensive massive deployments little room for their expansion store for them the land of Poland, which in view of a confrontation with the Mongols had been fortified over the relief forming lines. Were rejected by the Poles and the Hungarians on and forced to withdraw from Eastern Europe. No European army or Islamic, then, is frightened by them or sought to evade confrontation.
logistical genius of Genghis Khan to devise a system of intelligence, map design of future campaigns and report on state land and roads and no good without the resources and weapons technologies of the time. The imperial army retreated and dispersed to the prodigious speed that increase their domains to be reduced to the Mongolia of today which has 2.8 million inhabitants, the capital Ulan Bator, area: 1.56.116 square miles. After a period following the Communist occupation of Chinese troops in 1919, became a republic adopted a capitalist system in 1992. The main religion is Tibetan Buddhism, faith that communism has not yet resigned to stop stifling in Tibet and his miserable doctrine still refuses to release releasing the inherent imposition of communism which aspires to absolute mediocrity.
Mongol imperial army badges
Poor people are curious course in culture, hence the highest degree tolerant religion of the country to submit, respect their craft and acquire their knowledge, is the nature of the intelligent man to work in the following form, is of the ethnic group whatsoever. Genghis Khan
promoting freedom of religion (his people professed originally the shamanistic animism ) and consented to the preaching of religion, even encouraged as evidenced by his letter to the Pope delivered to the Polo brothers, to respect indigenous customs and traditions his subjects, maintained order administrative cities and towns taken, prohibited kill their civilian and military engineers, craftsmen and artists, all things unknown and the Communist yoke detests mediocrity because of brute force and the indoctrinated minds conceived only the violence of flatness.
why the communist hypocrite hates China Tibet, despite having been crushed is free, and it will always be superior to their oppressors, and there was not no power in the world can quench this kind of spirit unlike the Mongols, it is impossible to defeat.
